Are you really managing a marine diesel engine?
The diesel engine maintenance support system is a complex system that
includes equipment, personnel, materials, information, management and other
factors. It is the ability to ensure that the diesel engine is maintained,
restored or improved to the prescribed technical state. It is the manpower,
material and financial resources for maintenance support. A comprehensive
reflection of the degree of matching, and the degree of organic integration of
factors such as information, technology, and management level with specific
maintenance objects. This paper focuses on the shortcomings of the existing ship
diesel engine management and maintenance level and the corresponding
solutions.
1 Insufficient management and maintenance of diesel engines on ships
1.1 Common Mistakes in Marine Diesel Engine Management
(1) The gap between the intake and exhaust cylinders is large, the power performance is good, and it can prevent ablation. Theoretically speaking, the intake and exhaust valve clearance should be optimal when the thermal state is zero. Therefore, the gap between the intake and exhaust valves should be set strictly in accordance with the instructions.
(2) The diesel engine has low load, low speed operation and long service life. In fact, this is a common misunderstanding. In fact, diesel engines do help to extend the life of certain components at low or low loads and with reduced mechanical loads. However, for some diesel engines with good technical conditions and normal rated speed, if they run at low speed or low load for a long time, black smoke will occur, which will aggravate the wear and the like, and the service life will be shortened accordingly.
(3) The temperature of the cooling water of the diesel engine cylinder liner is not afraid of high temperature; the oil level of the diesel engine oil sump is low and not high. After the diesel engine is started at a low temperature, the longer the idle speed or the no-load preheating time is, the better, especially for the supercharged diesel engine. The more the lubricating oil is, the better, the excessive lubricating oil is not a good thing for the diesel engine.
1.2 Common shortcomings in the use and maintenance of marine diesel engines
In the use and maintenance of marine diesel engines, the turbine management personnel are not properly managed according to the maintenance and repair procedures, or are unfamiliar with the construction, principle and performance of the diesel engine. The common mistakes are as follows:
(1) Irregular cleaning of the diesel thick filter and oil cabinet, so that the engine speed of the diesel engine can not be increased, the work is weak, and a large amount of impurities will enter the plunger and the grease nozzle and other precision parts with the fuel, which will destroy the normal operation of the diesel engine.
(2) The air filter of the supercharger is not cleaned on time, so that the filter effect is reduced, the air circulation resistance is increased, and the intake air amount is small, so that the diesel engine cannot emit the proper power, the exhaust gas emits black smoke and causes the cylinder liner and the piston. The parts are severely worn.
(3) There is no regular replacement of the governor oil or the oil tank is insufficient, and the oil contamination deteriorates to reduce the lubrication performance. Failure to clean the oil inlet and outlet filters on time, causing the oil flow resistance to increase, or even blockage, the lubrication conditions are deteriorated, causing parts to wear and causing problems such as pulling the cylinder and burning the cylinder.
(4) Failure to check and adjust the explosion pressure and exhaust temperature of each cylinder on time, so that a cylinder is overloaded for a long time, and the wear of the machine is intensified.
2 Ship diesel engine maintenance and management improvement methods
2.1 Precautions for the improvement of the use of marine diesel engines
(1) The stability of the working vibration of the marine diesel engine caused by the uneven oil supply and the increase of the gap between the oil supply devices due to the low speed and large load work should be avoided as much as possible.
(2) Good lubrication and cooling should be maintained.
(3) Poor sealing performance of the combustion chamber, excessive clearance between the piston and the cylinder, difficulty in starting, low pressure at the end of compression, and low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the starting performance, such as pre-heating the oil tank, the oil tank, and the oil-filling disc to ensure sufficient starting energy.
(4) Strengthen preventive inspection and maintenance. The regular inspection and maintenance of the marine diesel engine is to ensure the normal operation of the diesel engine and prolong the service life. For each turbine manager, the inspection and maintenance management of the machinery that it manages must be carried out in strict detail.
(5) The overload of the whole machine and the serious overload of individual cylinders should be prevented to prevent the whole machine from failing to reach the rated power.
(6) The bearing has large impact force and large clearance, which should be carried out slowly during acceleration and deceleration.
2.2 Establish a maintenance support effectiveness evaluation system
The diesel engine maintenance support system can ensure that the diesel engine maintains, restores or improves the ability to the specified technical state, and is a comprehensive reflection of the degree of matching with the specific maintenance object and the degree of organic integration. Maintenance support capability is the ability of the equipment support system to use its various safeguard resources to ensure that the diesel engine completes the maintenance support task. It builds a maintenance support effectiveness evaluation model, formulates scientific and reasonable maintenance strategies and guarantee plans, integrates maintenance support resources, and improves diesel engine maintenance support efficiency. It is of great significance. Among them, the maintenance efficiency of the boat diesel engine can directly affect the ship's support effectiveness to some extent. Therefore, the analysis of the main factors affecting the maintenance performance of diesel engines is of great significance for us to better improve the utilization of diesel engines. Diesel engine maintenance support efficiency depends on the diesel engine itself and the support system.
2.3 Strengthen maintenance management and reduce diesel fuel consumption
(1) Reduce the host speed. Practice has shown that the main engine deceleration is an effective measure to reduce the operating cost of the ship without affecting the schedule. The reason is that if the host selects 90% of the rated speed, its power is reduced to about 70% of the rated power. At this time, the speed drops by about 10%, and the main engine consumes about 30%. This shows from a certain point of view that if the corresponding reduction of the host speed is reduced, the fuel consumption will be greatly reduced, which is more conducive to the maintenance and management of the internal combustion engine.
(2) Strengthen the maintenance of the injector. When the nozzle needle and the valve seat sealing surface are worn, fuel leakage will occur, and the nozzle hole will be carbonized, resulting in poor combustion. After the nozzle carbon is blocked, the oil supply of each cylinder is uneven, which not only affects the stability of the diesel engine at low speed, but also increases the pressure in the injector and the high pressure fuel pipe, prolongs the injection time, intensifies the after burning, and economics. decline.
(3) Make full use of the residual heat of the diesel engine. At present, the utilization of exhaust heat of marine diesel engine is mainly to increase the power and efficiency of the diesel engine by converting the exhaust gas energy into the pressure of the scavenging air through the exhaust turbocharger. Among them, about 40% of the heat generated by the fuel combustion of the marine diesel engine is converted into the output of the diesel engine, and the rest is discharged to the outside of the ship through the exhaust cooling water.
Despite the rapid development of science and technology and the development of science and technology, the shipbuilding industry has made great progress and development. However, there are still major problems in the management and maintenance of marine diesel engines. Undoubtedly, this is a very serious problem facing the shipbuilding industry today. Therefore, we should take corresponding measures to improve and improve accordingly, so as to obtain more effective use of marine diesel engines.
1 Insufficient management and maintenance of diesel engines on ships
1.1 Common Mistakes in Marine Diesel Engine Management
(1) The gap between the intake and exhaust cylinders is large, the power performance is good, and it can prevent ablation. Theoretically speaking, the intake and exhaust valve clearance should be optimal when the thermal state is zero. Therefore, the gap between the intake and exhaust valves should be set strictly in accordance with the instructions.
(2) The diesel engine has low load, low speed operation and long service life. In fact, this is a common misunderstanding. In fact, diesel engines do help to extend the life of certain components at low or low loads and with reduced mechanical loads. However, for some diesel engines with good technical conditions and normal rated speed, if they run at low speed or low load for a long time, black smoke will occur, which will aggravate the wear and the like, and the service life will be shortened accordingly.
(3) The temperature of the cooling water of the diesel engine cylinder liner is not afraid of high temperature; the oil level of the diesel engine oil sump is low and not high. After the diesel engine is started at a low temperature, the longer the idle speed or the no-load preheating time is, the better, especially for the supercharged diesel engine. The more the lubricating oil is, the better, the excessive lubricating oil is not a good thing for the diesel engine.
1.2 Common shortcomings in the use and maintenance of marine diesel engines
In the use and maintenance of marine diesel engines, the turbine management personnel are not properly managed according to the maintenance and repair procedures, or are unfamiliar with the construction, principle and performance of the diesel engine. The common mistakes are as follows:
(1) Irregular cleaning of the diesel thick filter and oil cabinet, so that the engine speed of the diesel engine can not be increased, the work is weak, and a large amount of impurities will enter the plunger and the grease nozzle and other precision parts with the fuel, which will destroy the normal operation of the diesel engine.
(2) The air filter of the supercharger is not cleaned on time, so that the filter effect is reduced, the air circulation resistance is increased, and the intake air amount is small, so that the diesel engine cannot emit the proper power, the exhaust gas emits black smoke and causes the cylinder liner and the piston. The parts are severely worn.
(3) There is no regular replacement of the governor oil or the oil tank is insufficient, and the oil contamination deteriorates to reduce the lubrication performance. Failure to clean the oil inlet and outlet filters on time, causing the oil flow resistance to increase, or even blockage, the lubrication conditions are deteriorated, causing parts to wear and causing problems such as pulling the cylinder and burning the cylinder.
(4) Failure to check and adjust the explosion pressure and exhaust temperature of each cylinder on time, so that a cylinder is overloaded for a long time, and the wear of the machine is intensified.
2 Ship diesel engine maintenance and management improvement methods
2.1 Precautions for the improvement of the use of marine diesel engines
(1) The stability of the working vibration of the marine diesel engine caused by the uneven oil supply and the increase of the gap between the oil supply devices due to the low speed and large load work should be avoided as much as possible.
(2) Good lubrication and cooling should be maintained.
(3) Poor sealing performance of the combustion chamber, excessive clearance between the piston and the cylinder, difficulty in starting, low pressure at the end of compression, and low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the starting performance, such as pre-heating the oil tank, the oil tank, and the oil-filling disc to ensure sufficient starting energy.
(4) Strengthen preventive inspection and maintenance. The regular inspection and maintenance of the marine diesel engine is to ensure the normal operation of the diesel engine and prolong the service life. For each turbine manager, the inspection and maintenance management of the machinery that it manages must be carried out in strict detail.
(5) The overload of the whole machine and the serious overload of individual cylinders should be prevented to prevent the whole machine from failing to reach the rated power.
(6) The bearing has large impact force and large clearance, which should be carried out slowly during acceleration and deceleration.
2.2 Establish a maintenance support effectiveness evaluation system
The diesel engine maintenance support system can ensure that the diesel engine maintains, restores or improves the ability to the specified technical state, and is a comprehensive reflection of the degree of matching with the specific maintenance object and the degree of organic integration. Maintenance support capability is the ability of the equipment support system to use its various safeguard resources to ensure that the diesel engine completes the maintenance support task. It builds a maintenance support effectiveness evaluation model, formulates scientific and reasonable maintenance strategies and guarantee plans, integrates maintenance support resources, and improves diesel engine maintenance support efficiency. It is of great significance. Among them, the maintenance efficiency of the boat diesel engine can directly affect the ship's support effectiveness to some extent. Therefore, the analysis of the main factors affecting the maintenance performance of diesel engines is of great significance for us to better improve the utilization of diesel engines. Diesel engine maintenance support efficiency depends on the diesel engine itself and the support system.
2.3 Strengthen maintenance management and reduce diesel fuel consumption
(1) Reduce the host speed. Practice has shown that the main engine deceleration is an effective measure to reduce the operating cost of the ship without affecting the schedule. The reason is that if the host selects 90% of the rated speed, its power is reduced to about 70% of the rated power. At this time, the speed drops by about 10%, and the main engine consumes about 30%. This shows from a certain point of view that if the corresponding reduction of the host speed is reduced, the fuel consumption will be greatly reduced, which is more conducive to the maintenance and management of the internal combustion engine.
(2) Strengthen the maintenance of the injector. When the nozzle needle and the valve seat sealing surface are worn, fuel leakage will occur, and the nozzle hole will be carbonized, resulting in poor combustion. After the nozzle carbon is blocked, the oil supply of each cylinder is uneven, which not only affects the stability of the diesel engine at low speed, but also increases the pressure in the injector and the high pressure fuel pipe, prolongs the injection time, intensifies the after burning, and economics. decline.
(3) Make full use of the residual heat of the diesel engine. At present, the utilization of exhaust heat of marine diesel engine is mainly to increase the power and efficiency of the diesel engine by converting the exhaust gas energy into the pressure of the scavenging air through the exhaust turbocharger. Among them, about 40% of the heat generated by the fuel combustion of the marine diesel engine is converted into the output of the diesel engine, and the rest is discharged to the outside of the ship through the exhaust cooling water.
Despite the rapid development of science and technology and the development of science and technology, the shipbuilding industry has made great progress and development. However, there are still major problems in the management and maintenance of marine diesel engines. Undoubtedly, this is a very serious problem facing the shipbuilding industry today. Therefore, we should take corresponding measures to improve and improve accordingly, so as to obtain more effective use of marine diesel engines.
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